Internet Addresses Activity

1.    What is a URL?

Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator (URL) it is the global address of documents and

other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier

and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it

specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. The protocol

identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.
 

2.    What is an IP address and how is it related to a URL?

In the TCP/IP protocol, the unique identifier for a computer is called its IP address. For nearly
every web server, the IP address is invisibly translated into a natural English "domain name"
or ease of use. But technically speaking, the IP address is the true identifier of a web
server...the domain name is simply a redirector pointer to help people find the web server.

Both the IP address and domain name URL can be used to connect to the same web server:

• e.g. 72.246.51.15 = www.nasa.gov
• e.g. 152.91.56.138 = www.gov.au
• e.g. 208.185.127.40 = www.about.com

3.    Given our school website's URL is http://www.mcauley.nsw.edu.au, what is our domain name and what protocol do you need to use to access the site?

Domain Name- mcauley.nsw.edu.au
Protocol- HyperText Transfer Protocol

4.    In the context of an IP address, what is an octet?
IP stands for Internet protocol, and these addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally expressed a
s four "octets" in a "dotted decimal number." The four numbers in an IP address are called
octets because they can have values between 0 and 255.

History of the Internet

How did the internet originate?

In 1957 a remote connection had to be installed so that the developers can work directly on the computers. The first concept of time sharing came into computer technology where it allowed to share the processing power of one computer with multiple users.

main frame computers- very powerful computers which allows time sharing.

ARPANET: military use of computers they feared that if it was bombed then all the data information would be lost, that is why a ARPANET computer was created so that information was distributed everywhere. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), was the world's first operational packet switching network and the core network of a set that came to compose the global Internet. The network was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense for use by its projects at universities and research laboratories in the US.

Who were the people most responsible for creating it?

US Military

Cyclades

Ram Co-operation

NPL Co-operation

What system immediately preceded the internet? What was its purpose?

Lee had actually begun networking computers before the development of the PC, with his Community Memory project in the late 1970s. This system had terminals (like computer screens with keyboards connected to one large computer that did the processing). These were placed in laundromats, the Whole Earth Access store, and community centres in San Francisco. This network used permanent links over a small geographical area rather than telephone lines and modems.

What is an IP packet? What is it comprised of?

Packet of data it has an address which is unique. IP takes care of the communication with other computers. IP address has four numbers seperated by dots.  

What does TCP stand for? How does TCP deal with lost IP packets?

Transmission Control Protocol.When data is chopped into packets and sent off for sending packets and assembling.The TCP re-request that the packet has to be re-transmitted by contacting the computor and the TCP makes sure the packets are received.

Why do computer people like everything in letters?
People don't tend to remember numbers because they prefer to remember letters as it is more easy and convinient as well it is shorter to type and refer to.

Some Key Terms - The internet and web design

1. Protocol: An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following- the type of error checking to be used data compression method, if any and how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message.

2.

TCP/IP- TCP is used for transmission of data from an application to the network. IP takes care of the communication with other computers. transmission control protcol - when data is chopped into packets and sent off. for sending packets and assembling. Internet

http- http is used for sending requests from a web client (a browser) to a web server, returning web content (web pages) from the server back to the client.

smtp- SMTP is used for transmission of e-mails.

pop- Post Office Protocol is used for downloading e-mails from an e-mail server to a personal computer.

FTP- File Transfer Protocol takes care of transmission of files between computers.

3. GUI: Graphical User Interface

4. Sequential transmission of signal elements of a group representing a character or other entity of data. Digital serial transmissions are bits sent over a single wire, frequency or optical path sequentially. Because it requires less signal processing and less chances for error than parallel transmission, the transfer rate of each individual path may be faster. parallel transmission is the simultaneous transmission of the signal elements of a character or other entity of data. In digital communications, parallel transmission is the simultaneous transmission of related signal elements over two or more separate paths.

5. URL: Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator (URL) it is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.

6. Error Detection- Checking for errors in data transmission. A calculation based on the data being sent; the results of the calculation are sent along with the data. The receiver then performs the same calculation and compares its results with those sent.

7. Error Detection is important because the receiver detects an error, it can be corrected, or it can simply be reported. 

8. A parity bit is a bit that is appended to a bit stream to make the total number of "1" bits in a given set of bits always even or odd. Parity checks are the simplest error detecting system. For example, if we send some specific sequence of ones and zeros, and then count the number of ones that we sent and send an extra 1 if that count is odd (making the total now even) or an extra 0 if that count is already even, a single bit error can be detected: The reciever can count up the number of 1 bits they recieved, perform the same calculation, and if the result is not even, they will know that an error occured.

9. HTML-
HTML (Hyper-text Mark-up Language) is what formats web pages. It is used to formtat the text, layout, images, links, everthing that is seen on the page. Without HTML there would be no websites or pages.

Review

Q1. Hardware: mobile phones, computers, digital camera, colour printer, router, Internet connection, computer network (LAN-local area network), USB.   

Software: File transfer application. Various image softwares were used to re size, insert arrows and crop photos. QR codes generator using online application. QR reader. Google Docs used for online collaboration tool, planning. Voice recorder. Google sites for hosting the website.    

Q2. Limitations: time, speed of the Internet connection, pictures have to be small so the download time is reasonable. We needed to create a good user experience, limit the files sizes and limit the resolution of the images so they don’t take a long time to download.

Cost: The QR reader has to be free. Google sites was used because it is a free site used for hosting and creation.   

Q3. Mr role:

I had to make two websites one was a tour guide from Visual Arts to Library and the second was a tour guide from Visual Arts to Mercy Square. Everyone in my group had to make QR codes for their own websites. I made 2 QR codes because I made two tour guide websites.

Q4. Limitations:


Internet speed was overcomed by transferring files to USB drive and working on the assessmet at home.

We needed a way to get the QR reader to get onto the user’s phone this was achieved by having instructions and assistance.  

There were 500 photos in a folder this limitation was overcomed by sorting them in different folders.

A shared document was used so everyone know's the status of each website, was by using the grid.

Teachers were given edit permission so the teachers can edit the website.

Adding Sound File and Image to a Database

Digital files such as image and sound files can be inserted into a database.

1. Collect digital sound and image files of each of your friends in your Address database.
2. Open the table that contains the address details.
3. Go into design view.
4. Add two new fields called voice message and photo.
5. Set the data types for each to OLE Object.
6. Go back into form view.
7. In a cell under the new field simply right click and select insert object.
8. Select the Create from file option and then browse to the location of your sound or image file.
9. To view or listen to your files you will need to create a new form that contains the voice message and photo fields.  

The photo contains the image of the person and the sound field contains a piece of sample music. I was successfully able to add a sound file and an image to a database. 

Bits and Bytes

1. Digit: A digit is a single place that can hold numerical values between 0 and 9. Digits are normally combined together in groups to create larger numbers.

2. Base 10: the base-10 number system is known as the decimal number system represents any value with the digits from 0-9.

3. Bit: The word bit orginates from binary digit.

4 Examine the tables below:

 4, 321 would be written as:
(4*1000) + (3*100) + (2*10) + (1*1) = 4000+300+20+1

21: 10101
24: 11100
30: 11110







5: What is a byte?  A group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

6: How many bytes in a kilo, mega, giga and tera bytes.

kilobyte- 1,024

megabyte- 1,048,576

gigabyte- 1,073,741,824

terabyte- 1,099,511,627,776

Creating a Form and Adding a Button to a Form

This is the first form that I have created. Also I have added a button, called 'run query' and if you click on it the date of birth will come up all the contacts.